To Ross Douthat: the question I wish you had asked Jonathan Keeperman

 Dear Ross,

First, thank you very much for your Interesting Times podcasts exploring why intelligent people on the right think the way they do. This is an invaluable service to liberals like me.
 
 One part of your conversation with Jonathan Keeperman was particularly striking to me, and prompted this note to you. Here’s a partial transcript of what Keeperman said, followed by the response I wish you have given.

"What does that look like in a future where it’s not a predominantly white country? These are legitimate things to think about. A lot of people didn't want us having these conversations previously, but then what happens in 2013-14 and then scales up over the course of the 2010’s is this insistence coming from the left that we have our moment of racial reckoning. So a bunch of people then are being asked to have a difficult conversation about race, and the prevailing view which is taken on by the New York Times by academia by and large is that any differences in outcomes among people can be ascribed to this infinitely amorphic, non-falsifiable, infinitely pervasive thing called systemic racism.  And this is if not intentionally, then de facto the fault of the white population in the country. So the question then is: is that true?  Are we allowed to look at the actual causes of why these discrepancies exist?  And it just is the case that when you look at these differences they are not attributable to white racism. You can actually identify causes”

Your response to Keeperman’s assertions was not entirely satisfying to me. You began by saying that you buy his version of the argument, then talked about Robert D'Angelo and psychological self-scrutinies to root out hidden structural racism, and then went on to Tin-Tin. 

Here’s how I wish you had responded to Keeperman:

“I want to challenge your critique of the view that the differences in outcomes between blacks and other races can be ascribed to systemic racism. You say there are other causes, having nothing to do with racism, and you imply that you’ve studied them. But you didn't say what these causes are, or mention any studies of them. So I would ask you please to enumerate these other causes for me. But before you do, and since I'm on the New York Times payroll, it's first incumbent on me to tell you what the left thinks causes these differences.

I believe you are referring to differences between blacks ond other groups on crime and incarceration rates, single-parenting, educational and professional achievement, and of course on income and wealth.

Liberals ascribe these differences to systemic racism because, in their view, they are legacies of forms of racial discrimination that were historically grounded in core institutions of American society. As the word legacy implies, what happened in the past leaves an imprint on the present. So differences in outcomes persist today to some extent, even though the historical structures of discrimination that caused the differences have been largely dismantled. 

This began of course with the institution of slavery, which not only deprived blacks of education and the means of accumulating wealth, but also, and more insidiously, undermined the cohesion and sanctity of the slave family unit. 

Wealth, education and family cohesion are transmitted from one generation to the next, as are poverty, ignorance and family dysfunction. Sociologists who study what the subject called the inter-generational transmission of socio-economic status find reasonably strong statistical correlations between, on the one hand, such explanatory variables as parent incomes, parent educational attainment, number of parents in the household, property values and crime rates in the neighborhood where a child grows up and, on the other hand, such outcomes as the child’s income as an adult, educational attainment, property values and crime rates where the child lives as an adult, the probability the child will commit a crime as an adult, and the probability the child will marry and remain married for life.
 
 Correlation implies causation where there is corroborating evidence. Here the corroborating evidence is the fact that children learn to behave well or badly from their parents, their parents’ friends, and their peers in school and on the streets they grow up in. Other corroborating evidence is the fact that the amount of human capital invested in a child while growing up depends largely on the amount of human and financial capital the child’s parents have to invest.
  
 The inter-generational correlation coefficients for socio-economic status are nowhere near perfect. Most studies show correlation coefficients in the range of 0.25 to 0.5 for most of the variables. This means that there is and historically always has been a fair degree of socio-economic mobility in America. Nevertheless, the studies show that today, a child whose parents’ lifetime income is in the bottom 20% of incomes for all parents has a 4% chance of having a lifetime income in the top 20% of incomes for her birth cohort. On the other hand, a child whose parents’ lifetime income is in the top 20% of incomes for all parents has a 39% chance of having a lifetime income in the top 20% of incomes for her birth cohort.

For black children, this odds-of-success gap is even wider, because black children’s parents are much more likely to have incomes in the bottom 20% compared to other groups. Again, for historical reasons.

Following emancipation, the socio-economic status of blacks was far, far below every other ethnic class in Ameria. Over time, and in the absence of any further institutional discrimination against blacks, the gap would have narrowed at a certain rate. But institutional racism persisted in different forms following emancipation:  in legislation enacted at all levels of government, in education, in civil and criminal justice enforcement, in public services, in property markets, and in private sector hiring. 
 
 As a result of these post-emancipation forms of institutional racial discrimination, the status gap caused by slavery narrowed more slowly than it would have done in the absence of ongoing institutional racial discrimination.

So I have this question for you, Jonathan: first, can you identify any cause of the differences we see today between blacks and other groups that is not itself the result either of intergenerational transmission of the poverty, miseducation and destruction of family life that were the legacies of slavery, or the result of continuing institutional racial discrimination after emancipation?”